<\/p>\n
THEOLOGIANS<\/b><\/p>\n
Athanasius – Five-time exile for fighting “orthodoxy”<\/b><\/p>\n
On the Incarnation<\/i><\/p>\n
Life of St. Antony<\/i><\/p>\n
– Original 27 New Testament books suggested and accepted<\/p>\n
Augustine of Hippo – Architect of the Middle Ages<\/b><\/p>\n
The City of God<\/i><\/p>\n
John of Damascus – Image-conscious Arab<\/b><\/p>\n
Veneration of icons<\/p>\n
Byzantine Empire<\/p>\n
Iconoclasts<\/p>\n
The Fount of Wisdom<\/i><\/p>\n
Orthodox<\/p>\n
Anselm – Reluctant bishop with a remarkable mind<\/b><\/p>\n
Studied under Lanfranc<\/p>\n
Ontological<\/p>\n
Proslogion<\/i> – that which nothing greater can be thought<\/p>\n
Faith is the precondition of knowledge – “credo ut intelligam” – I believe in order to understand<\/p>\n
Knowledge cannot lead to faith, and knowledge gained outside of faith is untrustworthy.<\/p>\n
Why Did God Become Man?<\/i><\/p>\n
Satisfaction theory – “No one but one who is God-man can make the satisfaction by which man is saved.”<\/p>\n
Ransom theory – Humankind was held captive to sin and death by Satan, at least until Christ paid the ransom through his death, and in the Resurrection, broke the power of Satan’s chains. Anselm argued instead that it wasn’t Satan who was owed something but God.<\/p>\n
On his deathbed, Palm Sunday, 1107, Anselm told his monks he was ready to die, but before he did, he wanted to settle Augustine’s question of the origin of the soul. “I do not know of anyone who will be able to do the work if I do not,” he told them. But by Tuesday morning of the Holy Week, he was dead.<\/p>\n
Steve Kellar’s idea of the origin of the soul – <\/p>\n
Genesis 2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.<\/p>\n
<\/b><\/p>\n
Muhommad’s hegira<\/b> – bith of Islam – 622AD<\/p>\n
Magna Carta – 1215<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/b><\/p>\n
Dominican Order established – 1220<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/b><\/p>\n
Thomas Aquinas – The brilliant “dumb ox”<\/b><\/p>\n
“the dumb ox”<\/p>\n
“the doctor of angels”<\/p>\n
Albert the Great<\/p>\n
Aristotle<\/p>\n
Averroes the Muslim<\/p>\n
Maimonides the Jew<\/p>\n
Summa Theologica<\/i> –a summation of theological knowledge<\/p>\n
“In sacred theology, all things are treated from the standpoint of God.”<\/p>\n
Reason and revelation come from God<\/p>\n
Reason is based on sensory data – what we can see, feel, hear, smell, and touch. Revelation is based on more. While reason can lead us to believe in God – something that theologians had already proposed – only revelation can show us God as he really is, the triune God of the Bible.<\/p>\n
“In order that men might have knowledge of God, free of doubt and uncertainty, it was necessary for divine truth to be delivered to them by way of faith, being told to them as it were, by God himself who cannot lie.”<\/p>\n
A person apart from Christianity can practice certain “natural virtues,” only a believer can practice faith, hope, and love, the truly Christian virtues.<\/p>\n
Summa Contra Gentiles <\/i>– a manual for missionaries to the Muslims, which also contains several hymns<\/p>\n
Council of Trent<\/p>\n
Aeterni Patris – papal bull – endorsed Thomism (Aquinas’s theology)<\/p>\n
“I cannot. Such things have been revealed to me that what I have written seems but straw.”<\/p>\n
His Summa Theologica<\/i>, one of the most influential writings of the Christian church, was left unfinished when he died three months later.<\/p>\n
Soren Kierkegaard<\/b><\/p>\n
“Faith is a risk (the “leap of faith”), an adventure that requires the denial of oneself. To choose faith is what brings authentic human existence.”<\/p>\n
Kierkegaard became increasingly convinced that his calling was in “making Christianity difficult.” He was to remind people of his day that to be truly Christian, one must become aware of the cost of faith and pay the price.<\/p>\n
Martin Luther – Passionate reformer<\/p>\n
John Calvin – Father of the Reformed Church<\/p>\n
Jacob Arminius – Irenic anti-Calvinist<\/p>\n
Jonathan Edwards – America’s greatest theologian<\/p>\n
Karl Barth – Courageous theologian<\/p>\n
EVANGELISTS AND APOLOGISTS<\/b><\/p>\n
Justin Martyr – Defender of the “true philosophy”<\/p>\n
Clement of Alexandria – Theologian for the intelligentsia<\/p>\n
Gregory Thaumaturgus – “The Wonder Worker”<\/p>\n
Anthony of Padua – “The hammer of heretics”<\/p>\n
Blaise Pascal – Scientific and spiritual prodigy<\/p>\n
George Whitefield – Sensational evangelist of Britain and America<\/p>\n
Charles Finney – Father of American revivalism<\/p>\n
Dwight L. Moody – Revivalist with a common touch<\/p>\n
Billy Sunday – Salty evangelist<\/p>\n
Billy Graham – Evangelist to millions<\/p>\n
PASTORS AND PREACHERS<\/b><\/p>\n
Ambrose of Milan<\/p>\n
John Chrysostom<\/p>\n
Richard Baxter<\/p>\n
John Newton<\/p>\n
Charles Simeon<\/p>\n
Lyman Beecher<\/p>\n
Thomas Chalmers<\/p>\n
John Nelson Darby<\/p>\n
Charles Spurgeon<\/p>\n
Harry Emerson Fosdick<\/p>\n
MUSICIANS, ARTISTS, AND WRITERS<\/b><\/p>\n
Rembrandt Harmensz Van Rijn<\/p>\n
Johann Sebastian Bach<\/p>\n
George Frideric Handel<\/p>\n
John Bunyan<\/p>\n
Harriet Beecher Stowe<\/p>\n
Fyodor Dostoyevsky<\/p>\n
George MacDonald<\/p>\n
G.K. Chesterton<\/p>\n
Dorothy Sayers<\/p>\n
C.S. Lewis<\/p>\n
POETS<\/b><\/p>\n
Dante Alighieri<\/p>\n
Geoffrey Chaucer<\/p>\n
John Donne<\/p>\n
George Herbert<\/p>\n
John Milton<\/p>\n
Anne Bradstreet<\/p>\n
Isaac Watts<\/p>\n
Charles Wesley<\/p>\n
Fanny Crosby<\/p>\n
T.S. Eliot<\/p>\n
<\/b><\/p>\n
DENOMINATIONAL FOUNDERS<\/b><\/p>\n
Menno Simons<\/p>\n
John Knox<\/p>\n
John Smyth<\/p>\n
George Fox<\/p>\n
Nikolaus von Zinzendorf<\/p>\n
John Wesley<\/p>\n
Francis Ashbury<\/p>\n
Richard Allen<\/p>\n
William Miller<\/p>\n
Alexander Campbell<\/p>\n
Aimee Semple McPherson<\/p>\n
MOVERS AND SHAKERS<\/b><\/p>\n
Benedict of Nursia<\/p>\n
Bernard of Clairvaux<\/p>\n
Dominic<\/p>\n
Francis of Assisi<\/p>\n
John Wycliffe<\/p>\n
Joan of Arc<\/p>\n
Ulrich Zwingli<\/p>\n
Ignatius of Loyola<\/p>\n
Phoebe Palmer<\/p>\n
Soren Kieregaard<\/p>\n
MISSIONARIES<\/b><\/p>\n
Columbanus<\/p>\n
Cyril and Methodius<\/p>\n
Francis Xavier<\/p>\n
Mathew Ricci<\/p>\n
John Eliot<\/p>\n
William Carey<\/p>\n
David Livingstone<\/p>\n
Hudson Taylor<\/p>\n
INNER TRAVELERS<\/b><\/p>\n
Antony of Egypt<\/p>\n
Hildegard of Bingen<\/p>\n
Catherine of Siena<\/p>\n
Thomas a Kempis<\/p>\n
Teresa of Avila<\/p>\n
John of the Cross<\/p>\n
Brother Lawrence<\/p>\n
William Law<\/p>\n
Andrew Murray<\/p>\n
Oswald Chambers<\/p>\n
ACTIVISTS<\/b><\/p>\n
John Woodman<\/p>\n
William Wilberforce<\/p>\n
Elizabeth Fry<\/p>\n
Sojourner Truth<\/p>\n
Lord Shaftesbury (Antony Ashley Cooper)<\/p>\n
William Gladstone<\/p>\n
Harriet Tubman<\/p>\n
Catherine Booth<\/p>\n
William Booth<\/p>\n
Walter Rauschenbusch<\/p>\n
RULERS<\/b><\/p>\n
Constantine<\/p>\n
Theodosius I<\/p>\n
Justinian I and Theodora I<\/p>\n
Leo I<\/p>\n
Gregory the Great<\/p>\n
Charlemagne<\/p>\n
Innocent III<\/p>\n
Louis IX<\/p>\n
Henry VIII<\/p>\n
SCHOLARS AND SCIENTISTS<\/b><\/p>\n
Origen<\/p>\n
Eusebius of Caesarea<\/p>\n
Jerome<\/p>\n
The Venerable Bede<\/p>\n
Erasmus<\/p>\n
Nicholas Copernicus<\/p>\n
William Tyndale<\/p>\n
John Foxe<\/p>\n
Francis Bacon<\/p>\n
Galileo Galilei<\/p>\n
MARTYRS<\/b><\/p>\n
Ignatius of Antioch<\/p>\n
Polycarp<\/p>\n
Perpetua<\/p>\n
Boniface<\/p>\n
Thomas Becket<\/p>\n
John Huss<\/p>\n
Thomas Cranmer<\/p>\n
Nicholas Ridley and Hugh
\n Latimer<\/p>\n
Dietrich Bonhoeffer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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