Era of the Seven Ecumenical Councils

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Era of the Seven Ecumenical Councils
See also: Ecumenical councils#The first seven Ecumenical Councils
Constantine called the First Council of Nicaea in 325 to unify Christology, also called the first great Christian council by Jerome, the first ecumenical, decreed the Original Nicene Creed, but rejected by Nontrinitarianism such as Arius, Theonas, Secundus, Eusebius of Nicomedia, and Theognis who were excommunicated, also addressed Easter controversy and passed 20 Canon laws.

325 The Kingdom of Aksum (Modern Ethiopia) declares Christianity as the official state Religion becoming the second country to do so
325 Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, ordered by Constantine
328-373 Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, first cite of modern 27 book New Testament canon
330 Old Church of the Holy Apostles, dedicated by Constantine
330 Old Saint Peter’s Basilica dedicated by Constantine, located over the traditional burial site of Saint Peter the Apostle in Rome on Vatican Hill
331 capital of Roman Empire moved from Rome to Constantinople (New Rome)
335 Council in Jerusalem, reversed Nicaea’s condemnation of Arius, consecrated Jerusalem Church of the Holy Sepulchre
337 Mirian III of Georgia, second to adopt Christianity as state religion
343? Council of Sardica
350? Julius Firmicus Maternus
350? Codex Sinaiticus(?), Codex Vaticanus(B): earliest Christian Bibles, Alexandrian text-type
350? Ulfilas, Arian, apostle to the Goths, translated Greek NT to Gothic
350? Comma Johanneum 1Jn5:7b-8a(KJV)
350? A?«tius, Arian, “Syntagmation”: “God is agennetos (unbegotten)”, (Anomoean)
350? School of Nisibis founded
351 2nd Council of Sirmium, Anomoean, condemned Council of Nicaea
353-367 Hilary, bishop of Poitiers
355-365 Antipope Felix II, Arian, supported by Constantius II, consecrated by Acacius of Caesarea
359 Council of Rimini, Dated Creed (Acacians)
363-364 Council of Laodicea, canon 29 decreed anathema for Christians who rest on the Sabbath, disputed canon 60 named 26 NT books (excluded Revelation)
366-367 Antipope Ursicinus, rival to Pope Damasus I
367-403 Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, wrote Panarion against heresies
370-379 Basil the Great, Bishop of Caesarea
370? Doctrine of Addai at Edessa proclaims 17 book NT canon using Diatessaron (instead of the 4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. 3 Corinthians) Syriac Orthodox Church
372-394 Gregory, Bishop Of Nyssa
373 Ephrem the Syrian, cited Western Acts
374-397 Ambrose, bishop & governor of Milan
375-395 Ausonius, Christian governor of Gaul
379-381 Gregory Nazianzus, Bishop of Constantinople
380 Feb 27, Nicene Christianity declared state religion by Theodosius the Great[4]
381 First Council of Constantinople, 2nd ecumenical, Jesus had true human soul, Nicene Creed of 381
382 Council of Rome, held by Pope Damasus I, disputed
383? Frumentius, Apostle of Ethiopia
385 Priscillian, first heretic to be executed?
390? Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, believed Jesus had human body but divine spirit
396-430 Augustine, bishop of Hippo, considered the founder of formalized Christian theology (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers)
397? Saint Ninian evangelizes Picts in Scotland
398-404 John Chrysostom Patriarch of Constantinople, see also List of Patriarchs of Constantinople, (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers)
400? Ethiopic Bible: in Ge’ez, 81 books, standard Ethiopian Orthodox Bible
400? Peshitta Bible in Syriac (Aramaic), Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes: 2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; standard Syriac Orthodox Church Bible
406 Armenian Bible, translated by Saint Mesrob, standard Armenian Orthodox Bible
412-444 Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, expelled Jews, killed Hypatia with oyster shells, coined Hypostatic union
418-419 Antipope Eulalius rival to Pope Boniface I
420 St. Jerome, Vulgate translations, Latin scholar, cited expanded ending in Mark after Mark 16:8, Pericope of the Adultress addition to John (John 7:53-8:11) (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers)
423-457 Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, noted Tatian’s Diatesseron in heavy use, wrote a Church History
431 Council of Ephesus, 3rd ecumenical, repudiated Nestorianism, decreed Mary the Mother of God, forbid any changes to Nicene Creed of 381, rejected by Assyrian Church of the East
432 St Patrick begins mission in Ireland. Almost the entire nation is Christian by the time of his death in a conversion that is both incredibly successful and largely bloodless.
440-461 Pope Leo the Great, sometimes considered the first pope, stopped Attila the Hun at Rome, issued Tome in support of Hypostatic Union, approved Council of Chalcedon but rejected canons in 453
447 Council of Toledo added Filioque clause to Nicene Creed of 381
449 Second Council of Ephesus, Monophysite: Jesus was divine but not human
450? Codex Alexandrinus(A): Alexandrian text-type; Codex Bezae(D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; Codex Washingtonianus(W): Greek Gospels; both of Western text-type
450? std. Aramaic Targums, Old Testament in Aramaic
450? Socrates Scholasticus Church History of 305-438; Sozomen Church History of 323-425
451 Council of Chalcedon, 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is a Hypostatic Union: both human and divine in one, Chalcedonian Creed, rejected by Oriental Orthodoxy
456? Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysite
465? Prosper of Aquitaine
476, September 4, Fall of Rome
484-519 Acacian Schism, over Henoticon divides Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) churches
491 Armenian Orthodox split from East (Greek) and West (Latin) churches
495 May13 Vicar of Christ decreed a title of Bishop of Rome by Pope Gelasius I
496 Clovis I, King of the Franks, baptized
498-499,501-506 Antipope Laurentius, rival of Pope Symmachus, Laurentian schism
500? Incense introduced in Christian church service, first plans of Vatican
524 Boethius, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: “Theological Tractates”, Consolation of Philosophy; (Loeb Classics) (Latin)
525 Dionysius Exiguus defines Christian calendar (A.D.)
527 Fabius Planciades Fulgentius
530 Antipope Dioscorus, possibly a legitimate Pope
530 Rule of St Benedict, St. Benedict founds the Benedictines
535-536 Unusual climate changes recorded
537-555 Pope Vigilius, involved in death of Pope Silverius, conspired with Justinian and Theodora, on April 11, 548 issued Judicatum supporting Justinian’s anti-Hypostatic Union, excommunicated by bishops of Carthage in 550
541-542 Plague of Justinian
543 Justinian condemns Origen, disastrous earthquakes hit the world
544 Justinian condemns the Three Chapters of Theodore of Mopsuestia (d.428) and other writings of Hypostatic Union Christology of Council of Chalcedon
550 St. David converts Wales, crucifix introduced
553 Second Council of Constantinople, 5th ecumenical, called by Justinian
556-561 Pope Pelagius I, selected by Justinian, endorsed Judicatum
563 Columba goes to Scotland to evangelize Picts, establishes monastery at Iona
567 Cassiodorus
589 Third Council of Toledo, Reccared and the Visigoths convert from Arianism to Catholicism
590-604 Pope Gregory the Great, whom many consider the greatest pope ever, reforms church structure and administration and establishes Gregorian Chant, Seven deadly sins …
591-628 Theodelinda, Queen of the Lombards, began gradual conversion from Arianism to Catholicism
596 St. Augustine of Canterbury sent by Pope Gregory to evangelise the Jutes
600? Evagrius Scholasticus, Church History of AD431-594 [10]
604 St Paul’s Cathedral in London
607 Pope Boniface III, first Bishop of Rome to be called “Pope” and “Universal Bishop” by decree of Emperor Phocas
609 Pantheon, Rome renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda
612? Bobbio monastery in northern Italy
613 Abbey of St. Gall in Switzerland
614 Khosrau II of Persia conquered Damascus, Jerusalem, took Holy Cross of Christ
624 Battle of Badr, considered beginning of Islamic Empire
625 Paulinus of York comes to convert Northumbria
628 Babai the Great, pillar of Assyrian Church of the East, died
628-629 Battle of Mut’ah, Heraclius recovered Cross of Christ and Jerusalem from Islam till 638
632 Eorpwald of East Anglia baptized under influence of Edwin of Northumbria
634-644 Umar, 2nd Sunni Islam Caliph, capital at Damascus, conquered Syria in 635, defeated Heraclius at Battle of Yarmuk in 636, conquered Egypt and Armenia in 639, Persia in 642
635 Cynegils of Wessex baptized by Bishop Birinus
640 Library of Alexandria, “The Center of Western Culture,” with 300,000 ancient papyrus scrolls, is completely destroyed.
664 Synod of Whitby unites Celtic Christianity of British Isles with Roman Catholicism
680-681 Third Council of Constantinople, 6th ecumenical, against Monothelites, condemned Pope Honorius I, Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople, Heraclius’ Ecthesis
681-686 Wilfrid converts Sussex
687-691 Dome of the Rock built
690? Old English Bible translations
692 Orthodox Quinisext Council, convoked by Justinian II, approved Canons of the Apostles of Apostolic Constitutions, Clerical celibacy, rejected by Pope Constantine
698 Fall of Carthage
711-718 Umayyad conquest of Hispania
717-718 Second Arab siege of Constantinople
718-1492 Reconquista, Iberian Peninsula retaken by Christendom
718 Saint Boniface, an Englishman, given commission by Pope Gregory II to evangelize the Germans
720? Disentis Abbey of Switzerland
730-787 First Iconoclasm, Byzantine Emperor Leo III bans Christian icons, Pope Gregory II excommunicates him
731 English Church History written by Bede
750? Tower added to St Peter’s Basilica at the front of the atrium
752? Donation of Constantine, granted Western Roman Empire to the Pope, later proved a forgery
756 Donation of Pepin recognizes Papal States
781 Nestorian Stele, Daqin Pagoda, Jesus Sutras, Christianity in China
787 Second Council of Nicaea, 7th ecumenical, ends first Iconoclasm
793 Sacking of the monastery of Lindisfarne marks the beginning of Viking raids on Christendom.

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